Bookie - 2800 Words

SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION Application for a Social Security Card Applying for a Social Security Card is free! USE THIS APPLICATION TO: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  Apply for an original Social Security card Apply for a replacement Social Security card Change or correct information on your Social Security number record IMPORTANT: You MUST provide a properly completed application and the required evidence before we can process your application. We can only accept original documents or documents certified by the custodian of the original record. Notarized copies or photocopies which have not been certified by the custodian of the record are not acceptable. We will return any documents submitted with your application. For assistance call us at†¦show more content†¦EVIDENCE DOCUMENTS Evidence of Age In general, you must provide your birth certificate. In some situations, we may accept another document that shows your age. Some of the other documents we may accept are: ââ€"  U.S. hospital record of your birth (created at the time of birth) ââ€"  Religious record established before age five showing your age or date of birth ââ€"  Passport ââ€"  Final Adoption Decree (the adoption decree must show that the birth information was taken from the original birth certificate) You must provide current, unexpired evidence of identity in your legal name. Your legal name will be shown on the Social Security card. Generally, we prefer to see documents issued in the U.S. Documents you submit to establish identity must show your legal name AND provide biographical information (your date of birth, age, or parents names) and/or physical information (photograph, or physical description - height, eye and hair color, etc.). If you send a photo identity document but do not appear in person, t he document must show your biographical information (e.g., your date of birth, age, or parents names). Generally, documents without an expiration date should have been issued within the past two years for adults and within the past four years for children. As proof of your identity, you must provide a: ââ€"  U.S. drivers license; or ââ€"  U.S. State-issued non-driver identity card; or ââ€"  U.S.Show MoreRelatedHISTORY OF MATCH FIXING IN INDIA The start to the new millennium was not very auspicious for the900 Words   |  4 PagesAustralian cricket were guilty of supplying information about team selection, weather and pitch to an Indian bookmaker in 1994. They were let off easily because of lack of evidence against them. In 2000, the Delhi Police intercepted a call between a bookie and the South African captain, Hansie Cronje, which is reckoned as the beginning of a storm that swept the very soul of international cricketThree other South African players players, Pieter Strydom, Herschelle Gibbs and Nicky Boje also came underRead MoreThe Chamberlain Kahn Act And Its Effect On Society889 Words   |  4 Pagesorganized criminals as the exploitation, extortion, and human trafficking associated with prostitution increased due to these new laws. As a result, someone looking for a prostitute at that time generally contacted a â€Å"bookie,† or what someone would today call a pimp. The term bookie is now associated with gambling, but then the term was used for someone who booked appointments for prostitutes. Those bookies were often connected to the mafia and thus gangsters such as Al Capone and Bugsy Siegel madeRead MoreEssay about The Killers by Ernest Hemingway968 Words   |  4 PagesHemingways view of the big city in the late 1920s. During the era of prohibition whoever controlled the flow of alcohol controlled the city. Unfortunately, the police were powerless against man thirst for booze. The Mafia also expanded into the bookie field, and if someone didnt pay up or double crossed the Mafia they were taken out. Hemingway was unfamiliar with this city scene and we can see a very strong correlation between him and one of his characters, Nick Adams. Nick was a newcomer to theRead MoreMichael Clayton Is A Legal Dram a1322 Words   |  6 Pagesclean up legal messes for the firm’s wealthiest clients like hit run accidents and shoplifting charges. Clayton is in the midst of handling one of the biggest challenges of his career, while also dealing with trying to paying off money he owes a bookie and trying to be a good father. Clayton is shown to have a moral conflict when he is directed to keep Arthur Edens quiet. Eden is the firm’s most knowledgeable and senior litigator who is handling a big case for KBL, in representing U-North, oneRead MoreCorporate Credit And Risk Management842 Words   |  4 Pagesneed to get even action on both sides of the bet, just like a bookmaker; but, on Wall Street they are known as â€Å"market makers.† Luckily, there are some on Capitol Hill who are willing to address these similarities. â€Å"You all are the house, you’re the bookie. (Your clients) are booking their bets with you. I don’t know why we need to dress it up. It’s a bet,† said Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-MO). Warren Buffett, arguably the most respected investor of modern times, warned as early as 2003 that derivativesRead MoreEssay on Al Capone697 Words   |  3 Pagessaloons, and in brothels (â€Å"Gangsters†). Torrio was later shot by a rival gang member and he then decided to leave Chicago. Capone then became the leader of the Chicago Outfit (â€Å"Gangsters†). In the 1930’s, Capone expanded his owning. He controlled bookie joints, distilleries, breweries, horse tracks, race tracks, gambling houses, and nightclubs. His profits were estimated 100,000,000 yearly (â€Å"Gangsters†). Capone was most known for the confrontation that happened on February 14, 1929. This is whenRead MoreCharacters And Significance Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 931 Words   |  4 Pagesselling Sambo dolls on the street, and consequently gets shot by a white police officer. Rinehart - a surreal figure who never appears in the book except by reputation. Rinehart possesses a seemingly infinite number of identities, among them pimp, bookie, and preacher who speaks on the subject of â€Å"invisibility.† When the narrator wears dark glasses in Harlem one day, many people mistake him for Rinehart. The narrator realizes that Rinehart’s shape-shifting capacity represents a life of extreme freedomRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide938 Words   |  4 Pagesaway. We are to preserve it at all costs. Whether you are religious or not, the one thing that applies to us all is the unknown. There isn’t a doctor that can definitively say when you’ll die. They can certainly measure the odds like a Las Vegas bookie, but ultimately some will always win against the house. Aunt Wanda was diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor and given six months to live. Five months later, her doctor called telling her of a physician that wanted to try a new procedure. SheRead MoreAmericas Reaction to the Eighteenth Ammendment779 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Al Capone was The St. Valentine’s Day massacre in which Al Capone ordered multiple hits on gang members, providing a serious threat to civilian safety in Chicago. By 1930 Al Capone had control over every branch of business from speakeasies, bookie joints, gambling houses, brothels to racetracks, nightclubs, distilleries and breweries. In order for Capone to have gained and maintain his power, he had to bribe the police and prohibition agents, which allowed him to be able to get away with anythingRead MoreEuthanasia, And Physician Assisted Suicide863 Words   |  4 Pages We are to keep it at all costs. (Randall) Whether you are religious or not, the one thing that applies to all is the unknown. There isn’t a doctor that can definitively say when you’ll die. They can certainly measure the odds like a Las Vegas bookie, but ultimately some will always win against the house. Aunt Wanda had an inoperable brain tumor. They gave her six months to live. Five months later, her doctor called telling her of a physician that wanted to try a new procedure. She decided

The Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Today it is estimated that .6 to 4% of the general population are thought to have antisocial personality. (Thompson, 2014) Antisocial disorder is a personality disorder in which a person may have behavioral deficits or tendencies not accepted as normal by society’s standard. Antisocial personality disorder is sometimes also known as sociopathy. Someone who has this disorder may be called a sociopath. Some behavioral deficits seen in sociopaths include, superficial charm, pathological lying, lack of remorse, shallow emotions, and need for stimulation. (Horley, 2014) Unfortunately, Antisocial Disorder still has many unknowns and is in need of more research. Criminal activity, the lifespan of sociopaths, doctors treatments, and levels of the†¦show more content†¦MacKenzie discusses in her article how psychopaths are generally internally affected and experience psychological difficulties, whereas sociopaths are not as internally affected, most of the time they are only af fected in their relationship with society (2014). To focus further on sociopathic disorder, Dr. Paula MacKenzie discusses this history of the disorder. MacKenzie defines sociopathy as a personality disorder characterized by a lack of social responsibility and failure to adapt to ethical and social standards of the community (Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, Allied Health Dictionary, 2002, p. 1599). After she defines the many personality disorders she discusses in the article, she discusses how much of the research of behavioral disorders began in the 1800’s when mental asylums became popular (2014). The first classification of a disorder similar to sociopathy was â€Å"manie sans delire† or â€Å"insanity without delirium.† Even though psychopathy is the disorder that is said to be genetic, there are significant differences in the biological brains of individuals with sociopathic disorder and those without it. In an article by Blair and Cipolotti, an individual with sociopathic disorder was studied and assessed, and the findings are discussed. When the individual was given a CT scan, an enlarged image of the brain was compared to that of a neuro-typical individual. In the visual comparison, there is a clear difference of theShow MoreRelatedThe Personality Of Antisocial Personality Disorder1003 Words   |  5 PagesAntisocial personality disorder is a disregard for others rights and violating theses rights. This disorder starts as a child to people who carry this disorder portray the characteristics of irritability, aggressiveness, lack of remorse, and irresponsibility. A psychopath falls under the umbrella of antisocial personality disorders. A psychopath is a person with a personality disorders which is inherited from their parents at birth. Flashes of these inherited factors show and happen in the childRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder711 Words   |  3 PagesAntisocial Personality Disorder is a psychological disorder in which an individual’s way of thinking and way of relating to others is dysfunctional and destructive. People with antisocial personality disorder usually have no regard for right and wrong and often disregard the rights and feelings of others (Mayo Clinic 1). They tend to antagonize and manipulate others for pleasure or personal benefit and often violate the law and end up in trouble most of the time, but show no remorse or regret forRead MoreOverview of Antisocial Personality Disorder1160 Words   |  5 PagesCan antisocial personality disorder affect the life of a person with this diagnostic and their family members? In general, personality’s disorders affect the overall social functioning of a person, by eluding and eliminating any type of socialization; moreover, in the case of a chronic mental condition as an antisocial personality disorder the person with this diagnostic ways of thinking, perceiving situations and relating to others are negative and dysfunctional, aff ecting their positive and harmlessRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1556 Words   |  7 Pagespeople believe that antisocial personality disorder is a faà §ade for criminals to receive lesser sentences by being diagnosed with a medical disorder. However, antisocial personality disorder is not just having and being a sociopathic person; it is a constant struggle. Antisocial personality disorder is a rare personality disorder with mental conditions that has short and long-term effects on a patient’s life. This literature review aims to characterize antisocial personality disorder by addressing theRead MoreA Person With Antisocial Personality Disorder1526 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"What kind of person is capable of taking another person’s life?† A person with Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is capable of just that and much more. Common careers of people diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder include, sales, management, and business professionals, as well as con artists. This is not an exhaustive list of careers for the antisocial person, as it is common practice for an antisocial person to be a career criminal, and in the most severe cases a serial killer. Read MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd )1432 Words   |  6 Pages Antisocial Personality Disorder Among the vast things studied in the field of psychology lies psychological disorders. These psychological disorders can simply be defined as psychological functions that can be unhealthy and even harmful to a person (Gerrig, 2005). And because this disorders can cause damage to a person it is important to understand them, both to aid a person in this situation or get the correct help if the victim is oneself. There is a vast number of psychological disorders, howeverRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1309 Words   |  6 Pages Antisocial Personality Disorder Kevin Adams Medgar Ever Collegeâ€Æ' Antisocial Personality Disorder is often wrongly called sociopathy or psychopathy although both sociopathy and psychopathy are not recognized professional labels for the diagnosis. Antisocial may not be the best way to describe the disorder because it implies shyness and people who suffer from the disorder tend to be more outgoing, charming and pragmatic. The term came about because the disorder is â€Å"anti-society. It’s behaviorRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Ocd ) Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesAntisocial Personality Disorder Katie McGuire University of Groningen Student number: s3229211 Mentor group number: 1636 Mentors: Joke van Dijken and Johanna Hecht Date: 25/10/2016 Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a disorder characterized by behaviour that is socially undesirable such as breaking the law, lying, and not feeling any guilt. People who suffer from APD often have certain personality traits such as being charming, manipulative, insincereRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Aspd ) Essay2393 Words   |  10 PagesAntisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) To be considered antisocial is to isolate oneself from general social conditions and demonstrate behaviors that deviate from the social societal norm. Antisocial Personality disorder describes an individual that lacks values and habitually violates societal standards in regards to ethics and social behavior. Individuals with this disorder can be described to lack empathy, act impulsively, and have flagrant disregard for other people. It is hard for them toRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Ocd )1845 Words   |  8 Pages ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER Introductory Psychology PSYC 1101 – Fall Semester 2014 Mr. Moser October 23, 2014 Taylor B. Hart â€Æ' Abstract Antisocial Personality Disorder is a very rare disorder. The criteria to be diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder has been changed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders throughout many years. The rareness of this disorder can be considered beneficial in the world because of the way people diagnosed with it become and

The Botany of Desire Free Essays

America. He also explains how human manipulation of the plant has weakened it, so that â€Å"modern apples require more pesticide than any other food crop. † I think the most standing out argument in this chapter is John Chapman insisted planting the apples from seeds although the fruit will taste bitter rather than sweet. We will write a custom essay sample on The Botany of Desire or any similar topic only for you Order Now He wanted to preserve the apple’s wildness. This phenomenon led to the apple wine is permeated in the most American families. However, some apple trees were planted by grafting buds onto young tree stalk to satisfy people’s desire for sweetness. The intended audience of the book is people who study in biology and environmental, or anyone wish to learn about how to view the world by using a plant’s eye and what is the role of plants in our lives. The author’s purpose Is to inform the domestication of the apple and entertain people by using a plant’s eye to view the world. In addition, the author persuade grower don’t plant the apple only to satisfy the people’s desire of sweetness because stripped of the genetic diversity plants rely on to survive disease, the relatively few popular apple varieties grown in monoculture have become increasingly vulnerable to Insects, bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, according to this chapter, â€Å"The next best world, though, Is the one that preserves the quality of wildness itself, It only because It Is upon wildness-of all This opinion Indicates the author don’t support the artificial modify. However, he changes his tone. He thinks If there Is no civilization without wildness. He considers the complex relationships between human and natural. The author combines literary, historical, and scientific references to attract audience to ponder, Is the human domesticate nature or contrary. In Pollen’s writing, he supports that man and nature will use of each other. The Botany of Desire By Laughing of plants in our lives. The author’s purpose is to inform the domestication of the increasingly vulnerable to insects, bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, according to this chapter, â€Å"The next best world, though, is the one that preserves the quality of wildness itself, it only because it is upon wildness-of all things†(Pollen). This opinion indicates the author don’t support the artificial modify. However, he changes his tone. He thinks if there is no civilization without wildness. He considers the complex and scientific references to attract audience to ponder, is the human domesticate How to cite The Botany of Desire, Papers

Challenges of public sector organizations â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Challenges Of Public Sector Organizations? Answer: Introduction Change in the modern world in all aspects of life has been described as inevitable. Change can bring either positive element or a negative element depending on how it is handled or viewed. The necessity to understand the process of change and its underpinning emergent dynamics is important for all organizations as it leads to sustainable organizational development as well as successful management of the organizations. Many people, as well as organizations, strive to have a change however very few people know how to manage these changes whenever they occur. The public sector has been seeing as the backbone of the general provision of public services to the citizens of a nation and therefore for a very critical component of the growth and development of the economy. Together with the private sector, they form the backbone of the economy of a nation in which the public sector forms the greater part. The sector is comprised of various players including government parastatals, ministries, and other agencies working under the control of a certain government. Sometimes if a change happens in one department, ministry or organ then it also affects the functioning of the others. Effective management and implementation of strategies that will counter the impact of the organizational change is therefore important in the modern world where rent less change has become a fact of organizational life. This briefing document, therefore, seeks to provide an understanding of organizations in the public sector have positioned themselves to respond to the challenges of change. The public sector as discussed plays a vital role in the development of a nation and future positioning of the economy. Any failure from the sectors bears a significant impact on the other sectors of the economy. Organizations in these sectors play a very important role in the provision of goods and services which meet the increasing demand of the population (Cummings Worley 2014, p. 3). Many organizations have therefore adopted different strategies to implement different policies to counter the effects of change. However, most change initiatives in the past have been found to fail in delivering the expected organizational benefits. How organizations in the public sector react to the changing environments determines how well the organizations are able to adapt to the new environments. Change in an organization is triggered by certain forces which usually emerge with little or no warning from both sides of the organizations (Anderson 2016, p. 2). These forces can be internal forces o r even external forces of change. The external forces can be controlled to a lesser extent by the managers as the organizations have little or no control over them while the internal forces of change can be controlled as they act through the changes in the organizations. Change as discussed above is said to be inevitable and therefore affects the operations of the organizations in the public sector and hinder their service delivery to the public. Some of the trending issues of change or forces of change that have had a great impact on the development and management or public sector organizations include; economic downturn, increased political instability, increasing globalization as well as the changing client or stakeholder expectations (Bebbington 2014, p. 2). These are considered to be external forces of change while the internal forces of change to these organizations include; the transformation programs in the organization including the use of new technology which implies that the organization structure has to change in order to accommodate the new technology, the staff changes as well as the efforts to evolve culture and expectations (Aarons et al. 2015, p. 11). These are the major challenges in the public sector and the management of these org anizations has a great responsibility of ensuring that everyone in the organization adapts to these new changes which may even affect the structure of the organization. The changing political climates in the world are likely to continue affecting the success of public sectors in achieving their goals of effective service delivery to the public. Government being the controller of the activities of the public sectors as it is nearly over 90 percent involved in every aspect of the sector may affect the smooth running of the organizations if the political climate is unstable (Kuipers et al. 2014, p. 8). It paralyzes the operations of most public sectors including government parastatals as well as the bear great impact on investors confidence in the public sector. With political instability comes periods of economic downturns which are also influenced by other factors such as drought and famine. It is also important to note that the briefing document can act as the strategic plan for the organizations since it highlights the possible future of the organization if the right strategies and mechanisms to counter the response to change are made. The public s ector organizations play a vital role in the growth of the economy of different nations and in the provision of essential goods and services. In a bid to raise revenue governments have turned to increasing taxes to businesses operations which affect the growth of public sector organizations and affect their service delivery in which the sectors may not provide adequate and quality services in events of tax avoidance or evasion (Van der Voort 2014, p. 328). During times of economic booms, the organizations seem to enjoy the increased business growth and profits however during the times of economic recessions the businesses or organizations face great challenges and losses. It is therefore appropriate that effective strategies are developed to counter the effects of economic downfalls. Globalization has reduced trade or business barriers leading to more organizations penetrating into the market and increasing competition. Globalization has increased the demand for production of quality goods and services across the international markets. Therefore it has come along with great changes especially resulting from technological changes (Lin Atkin 2014, p. 2). The demand for quality goods and services has also changed as it is usually influenced by the tastes and preferences for the goods by customers or clients. With the changing client and stakeholders expectations, organizations should therefore shift their attention to service development and delivery. The future holds that these services should be provided in relation to the interests of their clients. Internally organizations in the public sector have sought to bring about transformative programs in the sector since most of them hold to the traditional ideas (Sjostrand 2016, p. 3). The need for new transformative programs is inevitable and organizations need to develop an effective strategy that will help the organization adapt to the new demands. Staff changes are likely to increase as staff move from one industry to the other or from one sector to the other in a bid to obtain attractive salary packages as well as flexible working schedules (Burke Noumair 2015, p. 4). Many organizations are also striving to change or to evolve the organizational culture and behavior towards achieving the modern and current demands. There is also an increased likelihood that the rapid and continued innovation in technology will continue driving for changes to organizational systems as well as their operational processes. The growth of the startling internet has also provided and enabled a much faster and easier access to knowledge and therefore most of the public sector organizations use the traditional technology and may need the develop systems which are compatible with the modern technology (Bartunek Woodman 2015, p. 6). In this respect, different managers in the public sector will need to change or improve the technology being used to modern technology. With a change in technology, many operations of the sector will be made easy and production will also change as the goods and services provided would be of great quality. Secondly, the success of a business or organizations is dependent on how the organization or business relates to its clients and stakeholders. Therefore, it is important that the organizati ons seek to produce and deliver goods and services which meet their clients expectations otherwise they will lose their clients to some private sector organizations (Hayes 2014, p. 2). Lastly due to the fear of uncertainty caused by the fear of economic downturns and a change in political climate, the managers need to develop effective strategies by having a plan B to every project they seek to undertake. Application of theoretical concepts and ideas in response to organizational changes The success of incorporating changes in the public sector is dependent on whether the change process reaches its full effect and this can only be achieved if the change is made permanent. Managers and business leaders in the public sector organizations need therefore to utilize the theoretical concepts and ideas as well as knowledge in understanding the effective strategies they should put in place in response to organizational changes (Cummings et al. 2016, p.40). In this case, the ideas and theoretical perspective of Kurt Lewin provides an insightful three-step model or theory. The theory or model of organizational change provides managers of the public sector organizations with an effective framework to implement the change efforts in an organization. The model has been very effective and reliable in the modern world just as it was in the past. In this case whenever the public sector managers are faced with a dilemma in decision-making about certain changes they can rely on this model or theory to make radical changes to the organization which may be relating to employees, to technology or in relation to service delivery as per client or stakeholder expectations (Cameron Green, 2015, p. 4). The managers and other leaders also can also use the model to minimize the disruptions in the organization structure operations especially through the transforming organizational programs which bring change as well as facilitate a permanent adoption of a change in the organization. Kurt Lewin argues that change in the organizations and in this case the public sector organizations would only be effective if the people involved embrace the change and put it into practice. The first stage of the model or theory is the unfreezing stage where the managers should concentrate on removing the old existing ideologies among the stakeholders and employees of the organization in preparation for change or new ideas. Unfreezing in this model means getting people to gain perspective on their day to day activities. This may be through unlearning the bad habits and becoming open to new ways of reaching their objectives as an organization (Cornelissen Cornelissen, 2017, p. 3). Therefore the manager has to reassess the current practices in order for the wheels of change to get set for the motion. The second useful step of the model or theory is the change stage and occurs once the members of an organization have opened up their minds. In order to gain efficiency in responding to changes in the organization, it is notable that people will have to take a new task and responsibility (Benn et al. 2014, p. 2). Lewin argues that in this case, the change process has to be viewed as an investment both in terms of time and resources. When this is achieved then the organization is already on a journey of responding to changes. Lastly, the model or theory includes the stage of freezing or make it stick, whereby it is argued that change will only reach its full effect if it is made permanent. And therefore the managers and other leaders in the organization have to put or develop further changes which have to be made down the line as the implementation of the change occurs. Refreezing gives people an opportunity to thrive in the new organization and take full advantage of the charges (Cra in 2015, p. 2). Application of the stage theory Having identified technology as one of the challenges that has brought change in the public sector it is important to understand that managers, as well as other leaders in the management of public sector organizations, have the responsibility of ensuring that certain technology works for the organization. This means that for them to remain competitive in the market there is need to make innovations. Innovations in an organization bring about changes in the structure as well as the operations of an organization (Manchester et al. 2015, p. 85). Therefore, effective decision-making has to be made by the managers when adopting an innovation to be used in the organization. The application of the stage theory, in this case, would prove valuable to the managers in making innovation decisions and evaluating the changes it brings about. The theory provides four stages in which when implementing an innovation-decision managers have to develop an effective strategy that works for each stage and are contingent on the organization stage of adopting an innovation and implementing as well as sustaining new approaches as well as socio-environmental factors (Clegg et al. 2015, p. 2). These stages include creating awareness of a problem and the possible solution to different stakeholders in the company. Such will act like the unfreezing stage which sets the minds or individuals towards a new direction. Secondly, decisions to adopt the innovation are made while the third stage would involve the implementation of the plan of innovation into the organization and includes the implementation of the innovation as well as the modification of the organization structure to accommodate the innovation (Worley Mohrman 2014, p. 218). The last stage would be institutionalization or making the innovation part of the organization ongoing activities. The theory is therefore based on the idea that organizations pass through a series of steps as they experience change. Therefore the managers need to understand that the strategies to employ in this case will depend on the stage of change they are experiencing and whether the nature of the social environment surrounding the innovatio n is supported or not (DeVellis 2016, p. 3). If the innovation is supported then the process of change would be much easier for the organization to adapt as compared to when the structures have to be put in place first. Conclusion Therefore the development of briefing document serves a greater purpose in informing the management on an organizational of the possible future threats to the success of the business either from within the business or from external forces so that effective strategies can be deployed to remedy the situation. It is also important to note that the briefing document can act as the strategic plan for the organizations since it highlights the possible future of the organization if the right strategies and mechanisms to counter the response to change are made. The public sector organizations play a vital role in the growth of the economy of different nations and in the provision of essential goods and services. The sector is, however, experiencing great change and different strategies have to be laid down in response to those changes. The development of knowledge base through the study of different theories of change and development in different organizations is very important in understand ing how different sectors or groups in the economy respond to the challenge of change in their businesses. Organizations in public sector are complex in some way while on the other understanding change brings about complexity in operations of a business. It is therefore important that the managers and leaders of different organizations in the public sector should adopt strategies of responding to change which is supported by the current business environment. However change should be treated as an investment, sometimes it may bear fruits in the short run period of the organization whereas at other times it has to take a take the long-term period to materialize. Individuals working in the organizations should be given time to adapt to the change since its a process as well as be trained in case of new innovations. Effective decision-making has to be made by the managers when adopting an innovation to be used in the organization. The application of the discussed theory, in this case, would prove valuable to the managers in making innovation decisions and evaluating the changes it brings abou t. This briefing document can, therefore, be used by the public sector to highlight some of the possible problems they might be facing and even the possible solutions to some of them in preparation for future growth and development. List of References Aarons, G.A., Ehrhart, M.G., Farahnak, L.R. and Hurlburt, M.S., 2015. Leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI): a randomized mixed method pilot study of a leadership and organization development intervention for evidence-based practice implementation. Implementation Science, 10(1), p.11. Anderson, D.L., 2016. Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Bartunek, J.M. and Woodman, R.W., 2015. Beyond Lewin: Toward a temporal approximation of organization development and change. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B. eds., 2014. Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014. Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014. Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Burke, W.W. and Noumair, D.A., 2015. Organization development: A process of learning and changing. FT Press. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change.Kogan Page Publishers. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T., 2015. Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Cornelissen, J. and Cornelissen, J.P., 2017. Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Crain, W., 2015. Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Psychology Press. Cummings, S., Bridgman, T. and Brown, K.G., 2016. Unfreezing change as three steps: Rethinking Kurt Lewins legacy for change management. Human relations, 69(1), pp.33-60. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change.Cengage learning. DeVellis, R.F., 2016. Scale development: Theory and applications (Vol. 26). Sage publications. Hayes, J., 2014. The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Kuipers, B.S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J. and Van der Voet, J., 2014. The management of change in public organizations: A literature review on Public Administration, 92(1), pp.1-20. Lin, C.A. and Atkin, D.J. eds., 2014. Communication technology and social change: Theory and implications. Routledge. Manchester, J., Gray-Miceli, D.L., Metcalf, J.A., Paolini, C.A., Napier, A.H., Coogle, C.L. and Owens, M.G., 2014. Facilitating Lewin's change model with collaborative evaluation in promoting evidence based practices of health professionals. Evaluation and program planning, 47, pp.82-90. Sjostrand, S.E., 2016. Institutional change: theory and empirical findings. Routledge. Van der Voet, J., 2014. The effectiveness and specificity of change management in a public organization: Transformational leadership and a bureaucratic organizational structure. European Management Journal, 32(3), pp.373-382. Worley, C.G. and Mohrman, S.A., 2014. Is change management obsolete?.Organizational Dynamics, 43(3), pp.214-224.