Constitution Paper - 1210 Words

Constitution Paper HST/155 January 25, 2016 Andrew Cramer Constitution Paper After the Revolution, citizens of the United States were free of British rule, but found themselves in need of a government to keep peace and prosperity among the different states. The Articles of Confederation was finally put into place in 1777 that was intended to do just that. However, not all states agreed with the Articles of Confederation. At that time, each state counted for one vote regardless of size, which was fine for smaller states, but the larger ones felt that their votes should have more say in matters due to its larger population. Congress had little power to tax for much needed funds, nor to regulate foreign and interstate commerce.†¦show more content†¦Representatives were voted in while Senators were appointed by state legislatures (â€Å"The United States Constitution†, n. d.). Now, the legislators had a term of no longer than three out of every six years instead of no limit. America had experienced several years of economic struggles and political demonstrations like Shays Rebellion. As a result, American leaders called for a convention in May 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation. Several noted leaders in attendance included George Washington, Ben Franklin, and James Madison. The discussion involved creating a new form of government to address the previous problems incurred by the Articles. Writers completed the new document after many months of deliberation and named it the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution created a new government with three separate branches because the current system with only a legislative arrangement clearly did not work properly. This organization operated better than the previous arrangement under the Articles because the government was more structured and had more authority. The Constitution also granted more power to Congress and limited powers of the states. Congress was able to collect taxes and raise revenue, resolving one of the primary concerns of the previous government structure under the Articles. Congress also could prevent states from printing their own currency and levying customs. Additionally, Congress could also begin toShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Paper780 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: THE CONSTITUTION The Constitution Magalys Morales University of Phoenix Business Law 145 April 09, 2008 The Constitution The Constitution is the basic and supreme law of the land. It defines the structure of the federal government and consists on 7 articles and 27 amendments. This document creates the federal government and three branches compose it. The three branches are: the legislative branch, represented by the congress, which have the authority to make lawsRead MoreConstitution Paper788 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution Paper In the creation of the Constitution, the states had several different reactions, including defensive and understanding reactions. The constitution provided the rights of people, as well as laws of the land. The attention of the document was aimed towards problems the country was facing. However, the document itself was very challenging because it lent itself to many different opinions, views, and interpretations, depending upon who the reader was. It is no puzzle that theRead MoreConstitution and System of the State Paper853 Words   |  4 PagesConstitution and System of the State Paper POL215 September 19, 2011 Benjamin Bolger Constitution and System of the State Arkansas state constitution is divided into nineteen articles. Article one deal with the boundaries of the state. 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Starting off with congress, the diverse people in the world should be introduced in congress, like more African Americans, Asians, women, and people who are in the LGBTQ community and more because differentRead MoreWhy Did The Federalist Papers Influence The Ra tification Of The Constitution?2354 Words   |  10 PagesSection A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources This investigation will explore the question: To what extent did The Federalist Papers influence the ratification of the Constitution? The publications, arguments, and effects of this document will be the focus of the investigation to allow for an analysis of where and in what ways The Federalist was influential during the constitutional conventions from 1787 to 1789. The first source that will be evaluated in depth is Ron Chernow’s book â€Å"AlexanderRead MoreThe Federalists Papers On The Constitution1907 Words   |  8 PagesTX GOVT 2306 Feb. 1, 2015 Federalist No. 78 The Federalists Papers were written in the eighteenth century by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in an effort to persuade New Yorkers to ratify the new U.S. Constitution. These papers are said to be the key that unlocks the true interpretation and meaning of the Unites Sates Constitution. One of the controversial topics relating to the Constitution that the Federalists Papers help to straighten out, is the practice of judicial review byRead MoreConstitutions Are More Than Fancy Looking Words On An Old Sheet Of Paper1477 Words   |  6 PagesConstitutions are more than fancy-looking words on an old sheet of paper; they are the foundation of all successful nations. The job of a constitution is to legitimize, organize, provide power to, and limit the power of government (Newell et al. 40-42). The United States itself and all of its states have constitutions, including Texas, that aim to meet those needs. The Texas Constitution, written in 1876, is the second longest state constitution in the nation (Texas GOVT 2306- Week 3 Texas Constitution)Read MoreUs Constitution Research Paper1571 Words   |  7 PagesMatt Chinn Professor Van Houweling Poli Sci 1 The Constitution Needs Some TLC When creating the United States Constitution, our beloved Framers sought to establish a workable, malleable government that would last generations. A strong federal government with three separate, distinct branches turned was most optimal, and thus the official government of the US was born. Through the years, America’s governmental structure, with each branch of government maintaining their boundaries and providing aRead MoreLegalization Of Marijuana And The Hemp1436 Words   |  6 Pagesquestions I will hope to answer within this paper. I will hopefully find enough supporting evidence to support the legalization of Marijuana and the hemp crop itself. The country‘s economy is really going through hard times right now, with our country in the most debt that it has ever seen. I firmly believe that the legalization will help facilitate the recovery with economic with growth in many different avenues. Some of these avenues will include growth in the paper industry, cloths industry, and the wayRead MoreThe Constitution Of Government And Selections From Aristotle s Politics1009 Words   |  5 PagesHamilton in Federalist Paper number 9. In The Federalist Papers, which Thomas Jefferson described as â€Å"the best commentary on the principles of government, which was ever written,† writers Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay sought to articulate and defend the integrity of the new Constitution, and to demonstrate the ways in which it fulfilled the requirements necessary to establish a Republican form of government. However, as seen in the opening quote, the new Constitution, while drawing from

Differential Association Essay - 3062 Words

Sutherland’s Differential Association nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born August 13, 1883 in Gibbon, Nebraska, Edwin H. Sutherland grew up and studied in Ottawa, Kansas, and Grand Island, Nebraska. After receiving his B.A degree from Grand Island College in 1904, he taught Latin, Greek, History, and shorthand for two years at Sioux Falls College in South Dakota. In 1906 he left Sioux Falls College and entered graduate school at the University of Chicago from which he received his doctorate. (Gaylord, 1988:7-12) While attending the University of Chicago he changed his major from history to sociology. Much of his study was influenced by the Chicago approach to the study of crime that emphasized human behavior as determined by social and†¦show more content†¦(Sutherland, 1947) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sutherland argued that the concept of differential association and differential social organization could be applied to the individual level and to the group level respectively. While differential association theory explains why any individual gravitates toward criminal behavior, differential social organization explains why crime rates of different social entities differ from each others. In his fourth edition of Principles of Criminology he presented his final theory of differential association. His theory has 9 basic postulates: 1. Criminal behavior is learned as opposed to inherited through genetics. 2. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication. This communication is verbal in many cases but includes gestures. 3. The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups. This suggests that television or newspapers are not important in committing criminal. 4. When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (a) techniques of committing the crime, which are sometimes very simple; (b) the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. 5. The specific direction of the motives and drives isShow MoreRelatedEdwin Sutherland s Hypothesis Of Differential Association1237 Words   |  5 PagesEdwin Sutherland s hypothesis of Differential Association advanced from the Chicago School of human science, which watched that wrongdoing happened all the more as often as possible in territories lacking social association and organizations of social control. Wrongdoing was generally clarified by numerous variables –, for example, social class, age, race, and urban or rustic area. Sutherland built up his hypothesis of Differential Association keeping in mind the end goal to clarify how these elementsRead MoreThe Theory Of Differential Association Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagescommit crime? How to we learn to commit crime? These questions can be answered using social learning theory. Social learning approach is the assumption that all human behavior is socially learned (Thompson, Bynum 2013 115). The theory of differential association was developed by Edwin Sutherland to try and explain the development of criminal behavior. Essentially what this theory says is that deviant group behavior results from normative conflict. Normative conflict arises when multiple probableRead MoreDifferential Association Theory1790 Words   |  8 PagesThe famous criminologist Edwin Sutherland developed Differential Association Theory in 1939. He felt that criminal behavior is behavior, learned, and is learned in face-to-face interactions with others. Differential association, which operates on the individual level, is where behavior is learned through interaction with others. Through this interaction an individual will learn the techniques and skills necessary to commit crime as well as the motives, rationalization, and attitudes necessary forRead MoreDefinition Of Differential Association Theory917 Words   |  4 PagesDifferential Association In Edwin Sutherland theory has been around for over 30 years which is one of the most popular theories that there is in criminal behaviors. The differential association theory is considered to be one of the most and best formulation of theory of criminality, holds, in essence, that criminality in learned interactions from others through a way of communication (Cressey, 1954). Sutherland he explains how individual behaviors are learned behaviors and that people are notRead MoreSutherlands Differential Association Theory1430 Words   |  6 PagesSutherland’s Differential Association Theory Ryan Herron Dr. Patrick Parnaby SOC 2070 9 November 2017  There are many theories used by Sociologists to explain deviance. One such theory is differential association theory, proposed by Edwin Sutherland. There are many strengths and weaknesses of differential association that will be laid out in this paper after differential association theory is fully explained. When discussed, it becomes apparent that differential association theory has manyRead MoreDifferential Association Theory Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss three theories, the differential association theory, the labelling theory and the rationale choice theory. The theories will discussed and how they can explain crime will also be discussed, and then a comparison of the theories will be given in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses in explaining youth crime. Theories within criminology try to explain why and how crime occurs. This is done through examining various facts that are related to the individual s criminalRead MoreThe Association Betw een Differential Association Theory and Burglary1358 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will provide an explanation into how differential association theory explains burglary. The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) considers burglary a Type 1 Index Crime because of its potentially violent nature. The FBI breaks burglary down into three sub-classifications. This paper discusses the elements of the crime of burglary and what constitutes a structure or dwelling. It will discuss a brief history of the deviance, trends, rates, and how it correlates to the specific theory thatRead MoreThe Theory Of The Differential Association Theory2539 Words   |  11 PagesVarious criminological theories have been constructed attempting to determine factors that contribute to how individuals begin to engage in deviant behavior. The Differential Association Theory established in 1947 by Edwin Sutherland, an American Criminologist, evaluates how delinquent behavior is learned through social interactio n as well as learning from the legal definitions of laws and crimes. For example, an individual learning definitions that are favorable to breaking the law from peers orRead MoreDifferential Association Theory Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior of those individuals who participate in bullying. Differential Association Theory was introduced in 1939 by Edwin H. Sutherland and aimed at explaining how and why certain individuals commit deviant (criminal) acts. Additionally, Differential Association theory, believes that the behaviors of an individual are influenced and shaped by others they associate with. To support this assertion, I will provide a description of Differential Association Theory (DAT), why, and how it pertains to bullyingRead MoreDifferential Association Theory Essay1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Differential Association Theory, established by Edwin Sutherland in 1947, explicit the deviance of an individuals behavior and how it is learned through interaction with others or associations. There are several components that play a role in this theory that determines the main causes of delinquency. One of the components of this theory is, a person do not inherently become a criminal, it is a learned behavior. A person cannot decide one day he wants to commit a crime if he is not influence

Stereotypes/ the Glass Castle Essay - 803 Words

Final Draft Stereotypes/ The Glass Castle Stereotype plays a big part in today’s society. In the Memoir â€Å"The Glass Castle† by Jeannette Walls, others would easily misjudge Jeannette’s family just by their image and the way they lived their life. Although they lived the way they did the walls family had much potential and were very well educated in their own ways. People need to live by the quote â€Å"Never judge a book by its cover† because you never know who they are until you meet them. In todays society people tend to stereotype others in many ways. The media has created a misconception on humanity that has spread among society. News, Internet and other sources of information have created a negative view on certain people in the†¦show more content†¦The mother taught them that you should never judge someone by what you see or what you barely know. Everyone has something good about them, she said. You have to find the redeeming quality and love the pe rson for that. (144). This quote is an example of Jeannette’s mother telling them that no matter what you should never judge anyone no matter who they are. To look beyond what you see or have been told to see. You never really know who someone is until you actually take the time to get to know them. The walls family moved from place to place and at one point they stayed with their grandmother Erma. Their grandmother is a great example of some who stereotypes others. Erma had a real big problem with African Americans. For reasons not explained she just hated them. Jeannette did not agree with her grandmother on this part, she had always been brought up to love others no matter whom they were. The walls family grew up with a lot of knowledge book wise and streetwise. They more then you would think by just looking at them and the way they lived. No matter how bad off the walls family seemed to be they always seemed to be living good and happy how they were. In the end people who judge are probably being judged themselves. Nobody’s perfect, no matter who they are, everyone has something about them that makes them imperfect. â€Å"Also, most people in Welch had a pretty good idea how bad off the Walls family was, but the truthShow MoreRelatedCharles Perrault’s Cinderella1326 Words   |  6 Pagesequally in kindness and in virtues, hopefully achieving such beauty of character. This could reassure that someday, girls would be able to obtain a Prince strongly enough to marry her. As stated by Kuykendal, â€Å"Fractured fairy tales challenge gender stereotypes and patriarchal ideologies only at the story level of the text†. The stepsisters referred to her as ‘Cinderwench’ since she’s sporadically tasked with household chores such as scrubbing the floors, cleaning the bedrooms, and more. Many of theseRead MoreThe Song Ten Minutes Ago, Is From Rodgers And Hammerstein s Cinderella1749 Words   |  7 Pagesriches, and givi ng her a pair of glass slippers. Cinderella was able to go to the ball unrecognized, under the condition to be home by midnight, when the spell wore off. At the ball, she meets the prince and there is immediately chemistry, but she rushes to leave before the clock strikes twelve, in fear of the prince seeing her for who she really was and being disgusted by her true self. As she escapes the castle, she loses one of her glass shoes on the steps of the castle. Leaving it behind, she makesRead MoreShrek the Third and Princess Fiona1637 Words   |  7 Pages. Explain the looking glass theory and self-concept as they pertain to Shrek, Donkey, Princess Fiona, and Prince Farquar. Your answer needs to address the components of self. In your answer, include how self-concept affects the way that they communicate. Remember that communication includes cognitive, listening and speaking processes. According to the looking glass theory, we use others as a mirror to see ourselves and we imagine what others think of us then include these imaginings in our selfRead MoreEssay The Looking Glass Theory1623 Words   |  7 Pages . Explain the looking glass theory and self-concept as they pertain to Shrek, Donkey, Princess Fiona, and Prince Farquar. Your answer needs to address the components of self. In your answer, include how self-concept affects the way that they communicate. Remember that communication includes cognitive, listening and speaking processes. According to the looking glass theory, we use others as a mirror to see ourselves and we imagine what others think of us then include these imaginings in our selfRead MoreSexism, And Gender Inequality1938 Words   |  8 Pagesis sexism, and gender inequality? According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, sexism can be defined as prejudice or discrimination based on sex; especially discrimination against women; usually seen through behaviors, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex. Gender inequality can be defined as unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles. These two terms are connected in the way thatRead MoreGuests Use Main Street Usa As A Transition Between Fantasy And Reality Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesUSA as a transition between fantasy and reality. They relate the street to their hometown experience, and as they travel down the street, they believe more in the Disney interpretation and less in their own vision. Their journey ends at Cinderella’s castle, where the guests have officially entered the imagined world that Disney has created. The street reminds guests of simpler times in America. When guests first walk into the theme park, they have to travel through Main Street USA before going to anyRead MoreThe Presentation Of Conformity And Subversion Of Gothic Archetypes2573 Words   |  11 PagesDiscuss the presentation of conformity and subversion of gothic archetypes The gothic genre has been a prominent literary style throughout many eras, a popular example being ‘The Castle of Otranto’. I have studied three texts; Emile Bronte’s novel ‘Wuthering Heights’, published in December 1847, ‘The Selected Poems of John Keats’, published in 1817 and the later ‘The Bloody Chamber’ by Angela Carter, published in 1979. They all use gothic elements in different ways to create a variety of effectsRead MoreThe Great Depression And The Glass Steagall Act1683 Words   |  7 Pagesspun off by American Express in 1994, and the Long Term Capital Management collapse and Russian debt default of 1998.† (Investopedia) But the collapse of the housing market was one obstacle they could not overcome. During the Great Depression the Glass-Steagall Act was enacted in 1933. The legislation prevented commercial and investment banks from competing with each other and protected their balance sheets by having each sector focus on certain transactions. Highly liquid, asset-light portfoliosRead MoreComparing Grimm’s Fairytale Snow White to Snow White, by Denise Duhamel1586 Words   |  7 Pagesthe third attempt, the old hag is successful and upon biting in to a deliciously plump red apple sends Snow White tumbling to the ground. The seven dwarves decide Snow White is to captivating to be buried underground so they decided to encase her in glass and take turns guarding her remains. One day a handsome prince happens to come across the beautiful dead princess and begs the dwarves to let him purchase her. Reluctantly, the dwarves give the prince Snow White and a bump on the transport home causesRead MoreThe Disney Princess2822 Words   |  12 PagesPrincess Gender seems to be a hot topic in our society; many people feel the pressure to conform to a specific gender stereotype without really being aware of what they are or their influences on our perception. So what is a gender role? A gender role is the overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness. A common gender stereotype in our culture has been that a woman’s place is as a homemaker, and caregiver, while men are expected to provide for their

The Hip Hop Culture By Andrew Marantz - 1526 Words

In todays hip hop culture, artists often times portray through the lyrical content of their music different fallacies about themselves in order to develop their image or construct a brand for themselves. Although we as listeners under most circumstances are well aware that the songs are just made for the enjoyment of fans, perhaps the artists are becoming remotely too consumed with their lyrics and are beginning to believe that they are the realist in hip hop when they have barely scratched the surface well enough to establish a well enough name for themselves. Andrew Marantz wrote an article on who’s really real in hip hop which definitely will make readers begin to question Australian female artist, Iggy Azalea and her reference to being the realist in hip hop. She is compared and contrasted with several other well-known and legendary artist such as Tupac and Pusha T. Iggy is known for her Barbie-ish appearance and her strategically placed beauty mark that makes listeners an d fans question whether or not she’s really real. Marantz uses various rhetorical strategies throughout the article in order to effectively construct his argument and he also references memorable moments in hip hop that recognized Tupac and other artists who are considered as icons in hip hop and who are legendary and in essence, â€Å"the realist.† Azalea begins her most popular song Fancy which topped the charts for quite sometime after it made its initial debut with â€Å"First things first I’m the realist.†

Ethical Organziation Commonwealth Bank

Question: Discuss about theEthical Organziation for Commonwealth Bank. Answer: Introduction Organizations have grown in size over the years which have increased complexity with respect to different processes in the organization. There has been increasing threat to various organizations as more and more scandals crop up. Commonwealth Bank is one such organization which has been marred by a series of scandals and therefore are aiming to build a strong ethical culture in the organization. Some aspects of building an ethical culture can be listed as follows: Leadership The first and primary step in being an ethical organization can be taken by the top management of the organization. The culture in any organization has to be determined by the leaders and the real test happens when there is any decision making situation in the organization. When the leaders go for an ethically right decision instead of just running behind profit then it makes a real difference even at the lower rungs of the organization (Gergen, 2015). Value Every ethical learning organization should have a core value statement which is aligned to the mission of the company. Value of a company defines the way a company works and the culture of the organization. Therefore values have to be charted out which will lead to the code of conduct for the business aligned to the mission of the company. Integrity It is the umbrella characteristic which should be adhered to at any cost while doing business. Commonwealth bank should try to work as per the rules and regulations of state, national and federal levels. Communication from the top to the employees of the organization should be open and transparent so that they have a clear idea about their goals and the ways of working (Jeanes, 2016). Respect Respect for ones work and the way it is done is synonymous to ethical behavior. There should be honor in whatever decision that is taken by the company. Employees always want to work for a loyal employer and build a long term relationship. An organization can expect commitment from its employees only when they are treated with respect and honor. Loyalty Strong relationships and meaningful interactions between the employer and employee are the stepping stone of building an ethical learning organization. Therefore commonwealth bank should strive to create an environment wherein their employees feel that their career growth is in safe hands and they can contribute their finest efforts for the betterment of the company. This kind loyalty forms the bedrock of an ethical learning organization. Reference Gergen, K. J. (2015). Global organization: From imperialism to ethical vision.Organization,2(3-4), 519532. doi:10.1177/135050849523013 Jeanes, E. (2016). Are we ethical? Approaches to ethics in management and organisation research.Organization,4(1), 452465. doi:10.1177/1350508416656930

Gazellein 2012 free essay sample

Gazelle is a leading online market to purchase and sell used electronic devices. However, its legal name is â€Å"Second Rotation† but customers see it as â€Å"gazelle† which was chosen for branding and operational purpose by Gannet, Aurelien McElhiney the co founders of Second rotation. How did gazelle attain sustainable competitive advantage? The secret of Gazelle for attaining the sustainable competitive advantage (a competitive advantage that is difficult for competitors to imitate) lies in wisely considering the business opportunities at the right time. The co founders observed different practices made by the people i. e. they did not try to recycle or sell their electronic devices. Rather they would just leave using the device, which was not of any interest to them. Nevertheless, responsible consumption, financial crisis of 2007-9, space requirements to keep useless items and new product introduction did persuade people to either sell the device or recycle it. Gazelle was developed by keeping these factors in view. Since no other platform was present at that time to provide the facility of buying and selling the used products other than eBay, which itself was not much effective. Therefore, Ganot and cofounders took the advantage of that opportunity and provided the platform for such transactions. Gazelle from its origin has been very competent in doing the business as it took over a large magnitude of large retailers and local customers. With an easy access to the customers, it became famous in no time with heavy web traffic on its website. It was due to the skills of the management that it had almost 900000 viewers of website in 2012. Competitive Advantages: Gazelle has competitive advantage over other competitors in following attributes: -Listing process used by Gazelle is splendid as it specifies every thing related to the product. -Shipping logistics: An addition of a box to pack the goods in and pre-paid shipping charges are also an advantage over other competitors. -Dealing with pre- and post sale customer inquiries efficiently -Re-pricing consideration: if the product does not come out to be matching with the specifications and conditions mentioned by the seller, it is wisely re priced by Gazelle. -Price Arbitrage: Gazelle certainly have significant advantage of information regarding sellers and buyers. Therefore, it can draw sufficient margins from buying and selling prices. Strengths: Gazelle certainly had the strengths as it had a competitive advantage. Strengths of Gazelle are listed below. Variety of products: Gazelle offered a variety of electronic devices to customers with 22 categories of it. Customer obsessed culture: Gazelle has been customer oriented since its start, as it has been providing several facilities to buyers and sellers including a box offered to the seller to pack the goods in. Company Image: Gazelle has been very popular even in the initial years, as it had been providing quality service to customers. This resulted in creating a good image about the company in customers’ minds. Quality items: Quality of the product was kept in consideration while selling it to different buyers, as buyers seemed to be quite reluctant in buying used goods because of the possible defects present in them. However, Gazelle assured quality. Market share: Gazelle has an advantage of bigger market share compared to its competitors. Recent figures show that views of gazelle. com are almost thrice as that of its biggest competitor. Weaknesses: Gazelle lacks weaknesses in many regards but according to some reviews by customers gazelle sometimes took extra time while dispatching the goods and also in delivery of checks. Gazelle also had a weak image outside US. Opportunities: Gazelle has following opportunities from its external environment, which can lead it to better growth. New product introduction: New products keep coming in the market and people after using a product for short time switch to a newer one. This provides Gazelle an opportunity to grow. Intermediation: Ganot is currently thinking to switch the gazelle as an intermediary between sellers and buyer’s . This would get larger profits with minimum liabilities for gazelle. Social trends: Social trends keep changing but world has now started thinking about the environment critically. They do not waste the product. They either sell it or recycle it. This is an opportunity for Gazelle to make growth. Threats: With all the opportunities, available Gazelle indeed is threatened by external environment. Its rivals including eBay and others are a constant source of threat. Major threats include threat of imitation and the bargaining powers of sellers and buyers. Porter’s five forces model explains it at best. Internal Analysis: VRIO and gazelle: VRIO stand for valuable, rare, inimitable and organized respectively. While analyzing a company it kept in view to discuss VRIO. Gazelle has been offering valuable, rare, inimitable and organized goods at the same time, which led it to acquire sustainable competitive advantage. (See appendices) Economies of scale and scope: A company reaches economies of scale when cost incurred for the products gets lesser as the quantity of the goods increases. Economies of scope are related to acquiring lower costs when offering or producing a couple of products together. Gazelle in this regard attained both while selling and buying a large number and variety of used products. (See appendices) Attaining economies of scale internally has caused a difficulty for new rivals to compete against Gazelle. Moreover, Gazelle has developed product efficiency too which is attained by keeping the cost lower in long run. External Analysis: Porter’s five forces model: Porter five forces model explains all those forces which affect the organization externally. (See appendices) ? Threat of new entrants: There is possible threat of competitive entrants apart from current competitors. ? Threat of substitute services: There is a minimum threat that a new service evolutes in this industry. ? Bargaining power of buyers: With the presence of other service providers in the market, buyers might want the used products at lower prices. ? Bargaining power of sellers: Sellers may also want to sell their products at a higher price. ? Current rivalry: Current competition may become hard as the competitors grow in various aspects. But currently the rivalry is moderate because gazelle has a competitive advantage over other rivals. PEST Analysis: PEST stands for political, economic, social and technological factors respectively. (See appendices) Political: There is less political influence on the working of Gazelle but there might be a threat of more legislations and taxes in future. Economic: It refers to the interest rates, inflation rates etc. the economic factors of the region have now become stabled after the financial crisis of 2007-9. A recession season again may cause changes in the profitability of gazelle. Social: Social trends are becoming favorable for Gazelle, people are trying to either recycle the used products or sell them. Technological: Technology is getting advanced day by day, which is good sign for gazelle as new products are formed and people switch to them selling their old products. Keys success factors for Gazelle: In my opinion key success factors for Gazelle are following: Easy access: It takes no time to access to Gazelle to sell or buy anything. Fast: Gazelle is very popular in customers for its fast transactions. Customer-oriented: Gazelle has been customer oriented from its origin. This had added up to its growth vitally. Quality Assurance: Gazelle has occupied the minds of customers as a brand, which assures quality used products. Synergy: Gazelle’s synergy with its online partners and large retailers has also made its contribution for the success of Gazelle. Appendices SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses ? High profitability ? Comparatively weak presence outside US ? Company image ? High variation in profitability ? Market share ? Variety of products ? Availability of resources ? Global brand ? Strong distribution network ? Customer loyalty and repeat purchases Opportunities Threat ? Co-branding with other brands ? Emergence of new competitors ? New technologies ? Tax increases ? Growing levels of globalization PEST ANALYSIS Political current legislation future legislation international legislation government policies home market pressure- groups international pressure- groups wars and conflicts Economical economy trends general taxation taxation specific to product/services specific industry factors distribution trends interest/ exchange rates Social lifestyle trends consumer attitudes and opinions media views brand, company, technology image consumer buying patterns major events and influences buying access and trends advertising and publicity Technological technology development associated/dependent technologies information and communications consumer buying mechanisms/technology technology legislation innovation potential technology access, licensing, patents Porter’s five forces Analysis Threat of new entrants -Minimum to moderate threat due to current competent competitors. Bargaining Power of Sellers -due to emergence of other competitors sellers power may augment Current Rivalry -Moderate to high -Fewer competitors Threat of substitute services -Evolution of new service is difficult Bargaining power of buyers depends upon the service quality of competitors VRIO Valuable Rare Inimitable Organized Competitive advantage Yes Yes Yes Yes Sustainable Economies of Scale (SRAC Shot run average cost)